定語從句講義

定語從句

She is a beautiful girl。

She is a girl who is beautiful。

定語從句的判定：名詞/代詞+定語從句

定語從句引導詞（關係詞） 關係代詞 who whom which that whose as

關係副詞 when where why

人/who 作主語/賓語

Eg：She is the person who helps me 。

She is the girl who I like。

人whom 作賓語

Eg：She is a teacher whom I want to visit。

I’d like to find a friend whom I trust completely。

填空：Do you know the boy _____my mother is talking with ？

Do you know thw boy with ______my mother is talking？

注意：關係代詞指人時，介詞前置只用whom

介詞+who

介詞+whom

物which 作主語/賓語

Eg：English is a language which is easy to learn 。

Mary is wearing the new dress which I gave her。

人/物 that 作主語/賓語

Eg：The man that is running is my uncle。

The boy ate the apple that my mother bought for me。

填空：This is the room _____I lived in 。

This is the room in _____I lived。

注意：關係代詞指物時介詞前置只用which

介詞+that

介詞+which

指物只用that不用which 的情況

當先行詞是不定代詞all，little，few，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，none，some等

He did

everything that

he could to help us。

The government officers promised to do

all that

they can alleviate the hardships of people。

當先行詞既有人又有物時

Can you remember

the scientist and his theory that

we learned the other day？

The guests spoke highly of

the children and their performances that

they saw at the Children’s Palace。

先行詞被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，thelast，few，just 等修飾時

All the things that

we can do is to give you some advice。

This is

the very book that

I want to buy。

當先行詞前有序數詞或形容詞最高階修飾時

This is

the most touching story that

I have ever read。

This is

the third tree that

he cut down。

注意：關係代詞在從句中充當賓語時可省略

(但介詞前置時不可省)

填空：The man _____he is taking care of is his father。

人/物 whose 作定語

Eg：I have a friend whose father is a doctor。

These children sit in a classroom whose windows are all broken。

人/物 as 作主語/賓語

such。。。。。as the same。。。。。as

Eg： He is such a clever boy as we think。

We found such materials as were used in the factory。

I have the same book as he has。

when/where/when+完整句子

Eg：I still remember the day _____I came to Beijing。

Can you tell me the office ____he works？

Do you know the reason_____he was absent？

注意：關係副詞=介詞+which

填空：Is this the room ______he cleaned last time？

Is this the room ______he lived last year？

She still remembers the year_____she found her first job。

She still remembers the year_____she spent in Beijing。

非限制性定語從句

特殊情況：1。that 不能引導非限制性定語從句

2。which 可以指物或前面整個句子

Eg：His dad was ill，_____made him upset。

3。as “正如”常與一些動詞構成固定搭配

Eg： as we all know

as we can see

as we imagine

as you expect

非限制性定語從句“五不能”

1。that不能引導

2。非限制性定語從句一般不用why 引導，要用for which

eg；I had told them the reason，for which I didn’t attend the meeting 。

3。非限制性定語從句位於句首時，通常不能用which 引導。關係代詞as 引導的非限制性定語從句位置比較靈活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句後。

As we expected，he didn’t believe me。

4。在非限制性定語從句由“介詞+關係代詞”引導時，其中的關係代詞不能用as

5。非限制性定語從句中，指人的關係代詞作賓語時，一般只能用賓格whom，不能用who替換，也不能省略。

注意：介詞+關係代詞這種形式，介詞的選定

1。依據先行詞的某種習慣搭配來確定

Eg： I still remember the day on which I came to Beijing。

2。依據定語從句中動詞所需要的某種習慣搭配來確定。

I bought a lot of books ，on which I spent all my money that I saved。

3。根據所表達的意思來確定

The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen