獨家專訪哥斯大黎加玉雕大師馬里奧

玉雕界平臺除了國內，國外匯聚很多玩玉、愛玉的粉絲，讓很多國際友人瞭解很多國內的精品雕刻及雕刻師，

尤其感謝海外華人、華僑的支援和關注。本期介紹

一位2017年就關注我們的一位老粉，來自中美洲的哥斯大黎加的玉雕師馬

里奧

（Mario Alberto Zamora Campos）。

他曾被受邀

參加“2017年子岡杯”，其作品參賽斬獲過大賽的銀牌和銅牌，其獨特的藝術風格讓不少人對他作品影響深刻。

隨著近近幾年文化的交流，越來越多的人關注到國外很多的玉雕作品。但是

由於文化的

不同，人們會對他們的作品充滿好奇，雖然同樣是愛玉，但是都感覺蒙上了一層神秘的面紗。

本期玉雕界主編繆玥獨家專訪馬里奧·阿爾貝託·薩莫拉·坎波斯，帶大家走進不同的文化國度哥斯大黎加，認識一下這位國外玉雕師，更多的理解他們的文化。

玉雕師馬里奧·阿爾貝託·薩莫拉·坎波斯（Mario Alberto Zamora Campos）

Q：

Is the main material of your works made of jadeite from Guatemala？ Is there a market for this kind of jade in your area。

繆玥：

你作品的主要材料是瓜地馬拉的硬玉嗎？這種玉在你們地區有市場嗎？

A：Hello everyone， let me first introduce myself。 My name is Mario Alberto Zamora Campos， I live in Costa Rica （Central America）， I am 50 years old and I am a biologist， musician and jade carver。

馬里奧：（譯）大家好，自我介紹一下，我叫馬里奧·阿爾貝託·薩莫拉·坎波斯，我住在哥斯大黎加（中美洲），今年50歲，是一名生物學家、音樂家和玉雕師。

To answer your first question， yes， most of the material I have worked with in the last 10 years is jadeite from Guatemala， although I have also carved jade from other parts of the world such as the United States， Canada， Borneo and others。 Despite the fact that Costa Rica has one of the largest Jade museums in the world （it is called “Museo del Jade y de la Cultura Precolombina”）， the trade in jade carvings in the country and in the other Central American countries is still very incipient Generally， what people like to buy are pendants， sometimes with pre-Columbian motifs or related to the country‘s wildlife （animals， flowers， tree leaves， etc。） and most customers are from abroad。 I also carve semi-precious stones from the country， such as chalcedony， quartz， jasper and others。 It is important for the foreign public to know that Costa Rica had very close trade ties with pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica in pre-Columbian times， and there was a great boom in jade carving， reaching similar exceptional levels in jade quality and carving as those made by the Olmecs in southern Mexico。 Whenever you have the opportunity， I invite you to visit the great collection of pre-Columbian jades and ceramics that our Museum has， which is one of the largest collections of ancient jades in the world。

回答你的第一個問題：是的，在過去10年裡，我使用的大多數材料都是來自瓜地馬拉的翡翠，儘管我也雕刻過來自世界其它地方的翡翠，如美國、加拿大、婆羅洲和其他地方。儘管哥斯大黎加擁有世界上最大的玉器博物館之一（被稱為“前哥倫比亞文化玉器博物館”），但該國和其他中美洲國家的玉雕貿易仍處於非常初期的階段。

一般來說，人們喜歡購買的是掛件，有時帶有前哥倫比亞時期的主題，或與該國的野生動物(動物、花朵、樹葉等)有關的掛件，大多數客戶來自國外。

我也雕刻來自鄉村的半寶石，如玉髓、石英、碧玉等。對外國公眾來說，重要的是要知道，

哥斯大黎加在前哥倫比亞時代與中美洲的前哥倫比亞文化有著非常密切的貿易聯絡，那裡玉雕業興盛一時，在玉石質量和雕刻方面達到了與墨西哥南部奧爾梅克人相似的卓越水平。

只要你們有機會，我邀請你們參觀我們博物館收藏的前哥倫布時期的玉器和陶瓷，這是世界上最大的古代玉器收藏之一。

2017年子岡杯銀獎作品

Q：What are your requirements on the material of carving？ Such as color， hardness， etc。

繆玥：

你對雕刻的材料有什麼要求？如顏色、硬度等。

A：In the span of about 10 years that I have been carving jade， I have obtained jadeite from many different sources in Guatemala， Costa Rica and Mexico， for which I have had the privilege of carving almost all the best known varieties of Guatemalan jadeite， such as princess jade， black jade， lilac jade， ice jade， moon jade， to name a few。 I have a personal predilection for blue jades of all types， and intensely colored greens， as well as black jade varieties。 When choosing them， I prefer those that have a fine grain and texture， good translucency （if possible） and also achieve a variety of different tones and shades。 Fortunately， Guatemalan jadeite has such a great variety of different shades and nuances that sometimes it is difficult to decide on a particular rock， given the particular beauty that each rock itself presents。

馬里奧：在我從事玉雕的大約10年時間裡，我從瓜地馬拉、哥斯大黎加和墨西哥的許多不同渠道獲得了翡翠，我有幸雕刻了幾乎所有最著名的瓜地馬拉翡翠品種，如公主玉、黑玉、丁香玉、冰玉、月亮玉，等等。我個人偏愛各種型別的青玉和深綠色的玉以及各種黑玉。

在選擇它們的時候，我更喜歡那些紋理和質地細膩，有著良好的透明度(如果可能的話)，還能達到各種不同深淺的色調。幸運的是，瓜地馬拉的翡翠有著各種各樣不同顏色上的細微差別，有時很難決定是哪一塊石頭，因為每塊石頭本身都呈現出獨特的美。

Q：

Are there many sculpting artists around you？ Do you have a team or organization， or some competitions？

繆玥：

你身邊做雕刻的藝術家多嗎，有沒有一個團隊或者組織，或者一些比賽？

A：Indeed， in Costa Rica there are several jade carvers， some in my opinion very good and the most expert with more than 40 years of experience （such as Don Dagoberto Quirós， who also participated in the Zi Gang cup of Suzhou in the year of 2017 and 2018）。 There are also internationally recognized professional sculptors such as Aquiles Jiménez， who are taking their first steps in jade carving。 Recently there was a competition in Guatemala organized by a private company， where jade carvers from Central America and Mexico participated and demonstrated a fairly advanced level in the quality of the works presented （I understand that Mexico won the first 3 places）。 Mr。 Dagoberto Quirós and Mr。 Brayner Brenes participated from Costa Rica。 In Costa Rica so far there is still no Association or other type of Organization that brings together the guild of jade carvers， but we hope that in the coming years this will materialize。

馬里奧：事實上，在哥斯大黎加有幾位玉雕師，其中一些在我看來非常好，最專業的有40多年的經驗（如Don Dagoberto Quirós，他還參加了2017年和2018年的蘇州子岡杯）。也有國際公認的專業雕刻家，如Aquiles Jiménez，他們正在邁出玉雕的第一步。最近在瓜地馬拉有一個私人公司組織的比賽，來自中美洲和墨西哥的玉雕師參加了比賽，展示的作品質量水平相當高（據我瞭解墨西哥獲得了前3名）。達戈貝託先生Quirós和來自哥斯大黎加的佈雷納·佈雷內斯先生參加了會議。

在哥斯大黎加，到目前為止還沒有一個協會或其他型別的組織把玉雕行業協會聚集在一起，但我們希望在未來幾年這將成為現實。

Q：

Can you tell me a little bit about your artistic style？ Or introduce two pieces of your ideas， you can send some of your works to me。

繆玥：

你能稍微說一下，你的藝術風格嗎？或者介紹兩件件你的作品的想法。

A：In my case， as I mentioned， I started carving jade around 10 years ago， although since childhood I already carved bone， serpentine， quartz and chalcedony from my country。 When I started carving Guatemalan jade in 2012， I decided that I would do my best to achieve the greatest diversity of carvings and styles possible， this is how I have managed to make everything from replicas of ancient indigenous pieces from Costa Rica to realistic pieces that represent the biodiversity of my country， as well as carvings of pieces of the fantastic theme。 In this I have received a lot of influence over the years from the Mexican master carver Dante López and the Canadian master Lyle Sopel。 I am currently evolving to make compositions a little more complex than what I have achieved so far。 That is to say， my style is totally eclectic， since just like in music， I believe that a good carver， as an artist， must be able to carve anything and in my perspective， not focus on carving only one style （ although I greatly respect the master carvers who do it）。 I think it is a matter of perspective， and in my case， I would like to be able to carve everything that comes to mind with my years of experience。

馬里奧：就我而言，就像我之前提到的，我大約在10年前開始雕刻玉石，儘管我從小就開始雕刻我國家的骨頭、蛇紋石、石英和玉髓。

當我在2012年開始雕刻瓜地馬拉玉石時，我決定盡我最大的努力實現雕刻和風格的最大多樣性，這就是我如何成功地完成從哥斯大黎加古代土著作品的複製品到代表我國生物多樣性的現實作品，以及奇幻主題的雕塑作品。

在這方面，多年來我從墨西哥雕刻大師但丁López和加拿大大師萊爾·索普爾那裡得到了很多啟發。我目前正在努力使我的作品取得比以前更大的成就。也就是說，

我的風格是完全不拘一格的，因為就像音樂一樣，我認為一個好的雕刻家，作為一個藝術家，必須能夠雕刻任何東西，在我看來，不專注於雕刻一種風格(儘管我非常尊重做這方面的雕刻大師)。我認為這是一個角度的問題，就我而言，我希望能夠用我多年的經驗雕刻所有想到的東西。

Q：

From your cultural perspective， what do you think of Chinese art works？ Which kind do you prefer， such as landscapes， animals， plants and people

繆玥：

從你們的文化角度，你怎麼看待中國的藝術作品，你們更喜歡哪一類，比如山水、動物、植物、人物。

A：From a cultural perspective， I find a great similarity in the ancient jades from China and the ancient jades from Costa Rica。 Unfortunately， when the great Mayan cities fell between 700 and 900 A。D。， the jade trade with Costa Rica brought by the Mayans was lost and with it the development of art could not evolve any further。 I greatly admire the Chinese art of jade carving， from the ancient era to the present day， and I think it is truly a blessing for mankind that the culture of jade carving has been maintained for almost thousands of years in Chinese culture。 I have to say that the level of mastery achieved by China in jade carving is， of course， wonderful and unmatched。 Thanks to you， we Central Americans have been able to take up this ancient art of our pre-Columbian indigenous people and recreate a new culture of jade in our societies， or at least I am sure that the majority of jade carvers in Central America and Mexico， that is what we are looking for。 currently。 I would like China to continue supporting us in this effort， to rescue this ancient art in our Western societies， since they are the best teachers we can have。 It is difficult to say within the art of Chinese jade carving which is my favorite， but I could say that I would choose those works that represent natural landscapes， with animals， mountains， rivers， trees， etc。， especially the elaborately detailed works where the artist plays with the natural colors of the rock and its different qualities。

馬里奧：

從文化角度來說，我發現中國的古玉和哥斯大黎加的古玉有很大的相似之處。不幸的是，當偉大的瑪雅城市在公元700年到900年之間淪陷時，瑪雅人帶來的與哥斯大黎加的玉石貿易消失了，藝術也就無法進一步的發展。我非常欣賞中國的玉雕藝術，從古代到現在，我認為玉雕文化在中國文化中保持了幾千年，這真是人類的福氣。我不得不說，中國在玉雕方面所取得的精湛水平是無與倫比的。

多虧了你們，我們中美洲人才得以繼承這一前哥倫布時期原住民的古老藝術，並在我們的社會中重建了一種新的玉石文化，或者至少我相信中美洲和墨西哥的大多數玉石雕刻家，這就是我們目前在尋找的。

我希望中國在我們西方社會努力拯救這門古老的藝術中繼續支援我們，因為他們是我們能擁有的最好的老師。很難說在中國的玉雕藝術中哪種是我最喜歡的，但我可以說我會選擇那些表現自然景觀的作品，有動物、山脈、河流、樹木等，特別是那些細緻的作品，藝術家在玉石的自然顏色及其不同的品質上進行了細緻的創作。

Q：

Do people in your country like jade much？ You can also talk about your culture。

繆玥：

你們國家的人喜歡玉的多嗎？也可以聊聊你們的文化。

A：And of course， in Costa Rica everyone really likes jade， but there is still a lot of work to be done to educate the population about the importance of rescuing this art。 I consider that the Museum of Jade and Pre-Columbian Culture of Costa Rica does a great educational job in this regard。 They receive groups of school and college children every day and give them a special educational tour throughout the museum， and through games and dynamics they are educated in the importance of knowing and rescuing this art that our ancestors inherited from us。 Perhaps a goal for the next few years would be to organize a competitive event in Costa Rica and invite our colleagues from the rest of Central America。

馬里奧：當然，在哥斯大黎加，每個人都很喜歡翡翠，但要教育人們保護這種藝術的重要性，還有很多工作要做。我認為哥斯大黎加的翡翠和前哥倫比亞文化博物館在這方面做了很好的教育工作。他們每天接待成群的中小學和大學生，讓他們參觀博物館，透過遊戲和動態教育他們瞭解和拯救並繼承我們祖先這門藝術的重要性。也許今後幾年的一個目標是在哥斯大黎加組織一次競技活動，並邀請我們中美洲其他國家的同行們。

馬里奧的部分作品展示

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