英語詞法：英 語 中 的 概 數

雨水充足的英文怎麼寫

學生在初中階段學習了many， much， any， some等表示數量多少的概數，

在高中階段又接觸了a great deal of， a large number of，

scores of， dozens of， hundreds of thousands of等大量的概數。

這些概數有明確的分工，有的用來修飾可數名詞，有的可以限定不可數名詞，

有的兩者皆可用。另外，還有以容器量化名詞，用介詞結構表示概數，

借比喻或引申描述概數等方法。這裡按照英語裡概數的功能和構成特點分類闡述：

（一）．按概數的功能分類

1．限定可數名詞的概數： many， a good/great many， many a， （not/quite）a few，

few， several， a （ good ） multitude of， a couple of， dozens of，

scores of，

a score of， hundreds/thousands/millions…of， a （ great/large ）

number of，

numbers of， a group of， a team of， one out of/in ten， a pack of（

一群 ）

Many hands make light work。眾人拾柴火焰高。

A great many guests were invited to dinner。邀請大批客人就餐。

Many a ship has been wrecked on the rocks。不少船隻撞在岩石上失事。

My friend speaks several languages。我朋友會講好幾種語言。

There are a couple of vacant rooms behind the office。辦公室後有兩三間空房。

He planned to buy dozens of reference books。他打算買幾本參考書。

I’d escaped death a score of times by a hair’s breadth。我多次死裡逃生。

I’ve been there scores of times。我多次到過那裡。

I have a number of things that I must see to。我有很多事要處理。

Numbers of people came to the meeting from all over the country。

來自全國的許多人士出席了本次會議。

A group of children were playing tag。一群孩子正在拔河

Few words are best。少言最妙。

Three are too many to keep a secret and too few to be merry。

人多難守密，人少不成歡。

Not a few readers wrote letters of commendation to the magazine。

相當多的讀者給雜誌社寫表揚信。

There are quite a few students absent from class today。今天有不少學生缺課。

In some parts of Britain， one person in ten， by the age of thirty，

has no teeth left。英國有些地方十分之一的人年方三十，牙齒就脫光了。

A multitude of people assembled in the stadium。大批觀眾聚集在運動場。

They’re just a pack of liars。他們不過是一群騙子而已。

2．限定不可數名詞的概數： a little， little， much， a bit of，

a good/great deal of， a large/great amount of， amounts of

I like the country， but I have little opportunity of seeing it。

我喜愛這個國家，但少有機會觀光。

A little knowledge is a dangerous thing。缺乏知識是一件危險的事。

The English do not drink much wine。英國人飲酒不多。

Let’s have a bit of music。讓咱們來點音樂。

He has given me a great deal of help。他已給我不少幫助。

A large amount of damage was done in a very short time。短期內造成了巨大損失。

He must often memorize large amounts of material。他一定經常記住了不少素材。

3．限定可數或不可數名詞的概數： some， any， a lot of， lots of，

lots and lots of， plenty of， a great/large/vast/quantity of，

quantities of， enough， no end of （ 不少 ）

Now you can give me some advice。現在你可以給我提點建議。

Ask some boys to help you。請些男孩來幫你。

If there is any trouble， let me know。如果有什麼困難要讓我知道。

What a lot of time you take to dress！你在穿戴上花的時間過多。

There are lots of things I can do。有許多事我能做。

When I was in London I saw lots and lots of her。我在倫敦常見到她。

She has plenty of imagination。她的想像力挺豐富。

I have plenty of humorous tales。我有不少幽默故事。

He collected a quantity of curious information。他收集了很多稀奇古怪的訊息。

We’ve had quantities of rain this summer。今年夏天雨水充足。

Quantities of food were on the table。桌上有很多食物。

I had not enough confidence to go head。我沒有太大的信心繼續下去了。

We have enough seats for everyone。我們可為大家提供足夠的座位。

I’ve warned you no end of times not to touch that machine。

我多次警告你不要碰那臺機器。

We had no end of fun at the party。我們在宴會上很開心。

（二）．按概數的構成分類

1．以容器量化的方式表達概數： a bag of， two baskets of，

a mouthful of， a plate of， a pot of， a mug of， a pack of （ 一包 ），

a pail of（ 一桶 ），a bowl of， a basin of， three cups of

We bought three bags of groceries。我們買了三袋食品。

They ate a basket of plums。他們吃了一籃李子。

If there’s only a mouthful of food left in the bowl，

I will give it to you。如果有我一口飯，我都讓給你。

On the table was a plate of beef and vegetables。

桌上有一盤牛肉和青菜。

Father is a heavy smoker。 He smoked a pack of cigarettes a day。

爸爸煙癮大，一天一包煙。

Two pots of jam were used in cooking。做飯用了兩瓶果醬。

I have a mug of milk and some bread for my breakfast。

我喝一大杯牛奶吃一點麵包作為早餐。

2．用介詞結構表達概數： in large quantities， in great numbers，

in large amounts， ， in pairs， in groups， in pieces， in dozens，

in scores， in one’s thousands， in one’s thirties， in bulk，

in multitude， in plenty， in the 1990’s， in quantity， in pack，

by ones and twos， by twos and threes ， over。。。， around…， about…，

below…， more than…， without numbers

Pack them in dozens。論打包裝。

He is a young man in his thirties。他是一位30多歲的年輕人。

People came in scores。大家結隊而來。

Activities are coming forward in great numbers。活動積極分子紛紛湧向前來。

They wandered off in pairs and chatted about their own affairs。

他們成雙成對結伴而行，聊著家常小事。

Things are usually cheaper if they are bought in bulk。

批次採購會便宜一些。

Resources in plenty can be found in this territory。

本地能找到豐富的資源。

The farms have water in plenty to last through the dry season。

農場水源充足，可供旱季使用。

Heroic fighters emerged in multitude。

英勇的戰士大量湧現。

It is often less expensive to buy goods in quantity。

批次購物要便宜不少。

Some people are standing about in small groups under the tree。

人們站在樹下，三五成群。

People began to leave the meeting by ones and twos。

大家三三兩兩地離開會場。

Wolves hunt in packs。狼成群捕食。

3．借比喻或引申表達概數： a mountain of， an ocean of， oceans of，

bags of（ 很多 ）， a dose of（ 大量 ），a stream of，

a suggestion of （ 一點點 ）， a suspicion of（ 少許 ）

He has a mountain of dirty clothes to wash。

他有一大堆髒衣服要洗。

A mountain of letters arrived just after the report。

報告之後信件紛至沓來。

Oceans of time and money were/ An ocean of time

and money was spent on the project。大量時間和大批資金都投入到這項工程。

No need to be hurried。 We have bags of time。

不必著急，我們有充足的時間。

There were bags of opportunities， but they lost them all。

機會眾多，但他們都錯過了。

In the accident， the workers received a heavy dose of radiation。

工人在事故中受到嚴重幅射。

Streams of cars were passing by。一串串汽車急馳而過。

There was a suggestion of boredom in his tone。在他聲音裡有一絲疲乏。

She added a suspicion of garlic to the stew。他在？肉里加了一點蒜。

There was a suspicion of tears in her eyes。他的眼中有一絲淚痕。

三．談談介詞的否定意義

介詞在英語中屬於“小詞”，事實上介詞在英語中發揮的效力可不小。

介詞在英語中起著＂螺絲釘”的作用，它隨處可見，且功能強大。

其功能之一就是，它可以和介詞賓語一起構成許多否定意義的成語或片語。

介詞否定表達簡捷明意義深刻，其譯文多采用譯。

1。Above

The text is above me。（無法理解）

She thinks she is above criticism。 （不容批評）

The child is above all nervousness。 （一點也不緊張）

His conduct has always been above suspicion。 （無可懷疑）

I think a gentleman like him is above doing such a thing。 （不屑於）

Don’t depend on me。 It’s above my bend。 （力不所及）

He is above the weather now。 （無病的）

2。Against

Almost everything was against him。 （不利於）

He’s always doing his best， against all odds。 （不計成敗）

3。At

The point is to win at any cost。 （不惜一切代價）

At any rate， we’ve done something for you now。 （不管怎樣）

On the spot he was completely at sea。 （不知所措）

4。Behind

The train is running behind time。 （不準時）

Your ideas are all behind the times。 （跟不上時代）

5。Between

The secret is between ourselves。 （不得外傳）

6。Before

Before long he realized that he was wrong。 （不久）

I slipped out before the lecture began。 （不等）

The guerrillas （游擊隊員） would fight to death before they

surrendered。 （決不）

7。Beneath

Lying is beneath him。 （不合身分）

Such a fellow as that is beneath my notice。 （不值一理）

8。Beside

What you said is quite beside the point。 （不關正題）

9。Beyond

The news is beyond belief。 （難以置信）

The stars are beyond number。 （數不清）

The scene was beyond description。 （無法形容）

Good advice is beyond price。 （無價）

The facts are beyond dispute。 （毋庸置疑）

My happiness was beyond words。 （難以言表）

Doing such a thing is quite beyond my power。 （無能為力）

與beyond 構成的短語還有：beyond all doubt毫無疑問；

beyond all praise讚美不完；

beyond comparison無與倫比；beyond control無法控制；

beyond count不計其數；beyond example沒有先例；

beyond expression無法表達；beyond hope無望；beyond question無可爭辯。

10。But

He was anything but pleased when he heard this。 （才不）

11。By

What he said took me completely by surprise。 （無思想準備）

12。For

For all I care， you can throw it away。 （我才不在乎哩）

But for your help I would not have finished the job。 （要不是）

He passed the test for a certainty。 （無疑）

13。From

The child can’t walk， far from running。 （更不用談）

So far from taking my advice， he went and did just what I warned

him against。 （不僅沒有）

She kept herself from laughing。 （使之不）

I knew he did it from his teeth。 （毫無誠意）

１4。In

I don’t know what John intends to do； I’m in the dark

about his plans。 （不知道）

The people lifted the big stone in a breeze。 （毫不費力）

Nothing can stop us 。We all decide to start our journey

in all weathers。 （風雨無阻）

類似的短語還有in the clear不受妨礙； in the cloud心不在焉；

in the egg未成熟；in the log未經加工；in the rough未完成。

15。In spite of

At the sight he laughed in spite of himself。 （不由自主地）

The girl still wanted to marry the poor young man in

spite of her parents’ teeth。 （不顧父母的反對）

16。Off

Keep off the grass。 （不靠近）

I’m right off love stories for some reason。 （不感興趣）

He is off smoking now。 （不再）

She was off duty yesterday。 （不值班）

相似的片語還有off chance不會有機會；off color精神不好；

off guard不警惕；off hand無準備；off one’s feet不能

控制自己；off sb’s hand不再由某人負責；off one’s mind

不再掛念； off time不合時宜；off work沒上工；off time不合時宜。

１7。On

I’m sorry。 You’re down on your luck。 （運氣不佳）

I knew you were on the cross about it。 （不老實）

18。Out of

Out of sight， out of mind。 （眼不見，心不煩）

It is quite out of fashion。 （不時髦）

The book is out of print。 （不再印發）

The man is quite out of humor。 （不幽默）

Rest was now out of the question。 （不可能）

還有相同的搭配ut of all reason無理；out of condition健康狀況不好；

out of control失控；out of count不計其數；out of date不合時日；

out of line不成直線；out of luck運氣不好；out of place不合時；

out of question毫無疑問；out of time不合時宜。

9。Past

The old man is past work。 （無力工作）

Those trousers are past mending。 （無法修補）

The situation is past hope。 （沒有希望）

His poetry is past comprehension。 （難以理解）

It’s past question。 （毫無疑問）

20。To

To a man John’s friends stood by him in his trouble。 （毫不例外）

He carried out his orders to the letter。 （不折不扣）

The old man had a good memory。 He remembered

the past things to a hair。 （細毫不差）

To a miracle he recited these poems in a breath。 （不可思議）

21。Under

I know very well you’re under thirty。 （不滿）

This packet of butter is under weight。 （分量不足）

The boy can’t go to school because he is under age。 （年齡不夠）

22。With

I’m through with him。 （不再來往）

He was through with the job， and he wanted to find something

interesting。 （不想幹）

The whole project was completed with a wet finger。 （毫不費力）

23。Without

It was all done without necessary permit。 （未經）

You can’t do without money。 （沒有）

He often goes to school without his breakfast。 （不吃）

I have helped him times without number。 （無數）

without後還可引導這樣一些短語：without a doubt無疑；without a moment’s

thought不加考慮；without day無期限；without end 無窮；without example 沒有先例。

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