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1991年考研英語閱讀理解第二篇解析——本文分析青春期變長的現象

由 安行英語老師 發表于 旅遊2023-01-19

簡介[A]in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed

eleven years old什麼意思

1991年考研英語閱讀理解第二篇解析——本文分析青春期變長的現象

第一段:

The period of adolescence, i。e。, the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition

as to what

constitutes maturity and adulthood。

青春期,也就是童年與成年之間的這段時期,可長可短。其長短取決於社會期望值和社會對成熟和成年的定義。

In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of

prolonged

education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life。

原始社會中,青春期通常是相當短的一段時期。而在工業化社會里,由於人們接受教育時間的延長以及反童工法的制定,青春期要長很多,它包含了人生中第二個十年(十歲到二十歲)的大部分時間。

Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change。 Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the

frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society。

另外,在某一社會中,青春期的長度和成年地位的定義可能會隨社會經濟條件的改變而改變。這種變化譬如:19世紀後期,美國乃至所有由農業化走向工業化的國家裡不再存在青春期和成年期的界限。

1991年考研英語閱讀理解第二篇解析——本文分析青春期變長的現象

第二段:

In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes

initiation

ceremonies。

現代社會中,青春期的各種儀式已不被正式認可,也不再具有象徵意義,人們對其“開始儀式”也不再有統一的認識。

Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status。

社會儀式已經被一系列的“階段”所取代,這些“階段”將使人得到更多的認可和更高的社會地位。

For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual。

例如,小學畢業,中學畢業,大學畢業就形成了這樣一個系列。每一個“階段”都意味著某些行為變化和一定的社會認可度,其意義大小則取決於個人的社會經濟地位和受教育的目標。

Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, rights, privileges and responsibilities。

青春期的各種儀式也已經被法律意義上的地位、權利、特權、和責任所取代。

It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted。

從12歲生日起到21歲生日這九年之間,逐漸去除了兒童時代受到的保護和限制和較低的社會地位,同時又逐漸被賦予成年人的權利和責任。

The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets。

人到了12歲就不再被看作孩子,乘火車、飛機、或去劇院、電影院時必須買全票。

Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights。

基本上可以這樣說,這一年齡的個人失去了兒童的特權,卻沒有得到明顯的成年人權利。

1991年考研英語閱讀理解第二篇解析——本文分析青春期變長的現象

At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices。 He now can obtain a driver’s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws。

16歲的青少年會得到某些成人的權利,透過得到更多的自由和選擇而提高社會地位。他可以獲得駕照;可以離開公立學校;可以不再受童工法的限制。

At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission。 At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult。 He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office。

18歲時,他可以得到法律認可的成人權利和義務;可以參軍,可以在不得到父母的允許的情況下結婚。21歲時,他會得到成年人完全的法律權利。他可以投票,可以買酒,可以簽署商業合同,可以有權競選公職。

No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained。 None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence。

進入成年狀態後,就不再因為年齡的增長而享受到更多的權利。所有法律條款都沒有決定到底什麼年齡算是進入成年,但它們的確表明青春期延長了。

1991年考研英語閱讀理解第二篇解析——本文分析青春期變長的現象

19。 The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because

[A] the definition of maturity has changed

[B] the industrialized society is more developed

[C] more education is provided and laws against child labor are made

[D] ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance

[分析]本題考核知識點:因果細節題。

根據題幹直接定位到第一段第二句while…部分,它指出,(相對原始社會),工業社會中青春期變長有兩方面的原因:教育期的延長和反童工法的制定。所以,正確選項為[C]。

[A]的干擾來自於第一段第一句。它提到,“青春期的長短取決於不同社會對成熟和成年的定義”。接著第二句就比較了原始社會和工業化社會。從這兩句其實我們可以推出這兩種社會對成熟的定義必定不同。但第二句已經明確指出了具體原因,因此[C]為最佳答案。[B]文中未提。[D]是工業社會中關於青春期變化的現象,而非青春期變長的原因。

1991年考研英語閱讀理解第二篇解析——本文分析青春期變長的現象

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20。 Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to

[A] graduations from schools and colleges

[B] social recognition

[C] socio-economic status

[D] certain behavioral changes

[分析]本題考核知識點:文中事實細節題。

第二段第二句指出:青春期的社會儀式(social ones)已經被一系列階段(a sequence of steps)所取代。第三句說明了“一系列階段”的具體所指—─各階段學習的畢業。所以,[A]為正確選項。

[B]、[C]、[D]的錯誤在於:social recognition、certain behavioral change 和socio-economic status本身都不是青春期儀式的替代品,而只是和其替代品緊密相連的因素。第三句提到,行為變化和社會認可度是伴隨“階段”而存在的,而一個人的社會經濟地位會影響各階段對他的重要性。

21。 No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is

[A] eleven years old

[B] sixteen years old

[C] twenty-one years old

[D] between twelve and twenty-one years old

[分析]本題考核知識點:事實細節題。

第二段後面部分從It is during the nine years到倒數第二句列舉了青春期各階段的權利。其中,第十句(at the age of twenty-one… public office)指出,21歲是開始享有完全成人權利的年齡。所以[C]為正確選項。

11歲不屬於該部分介紹的範圍;16歲時只能享有部分成人權利;12到21歲期間是一個從兒童向成人轉變的過程,個人享有權利逐漸增加,但若享有完全成人權利,需要達到21歲。因此其他項排除。

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22。 Starting from 22,

[A] one will obtain more basic rights

[B] the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will have

[C] one won’t get more basic rights than when he is 21

[D] one will enjoy more rights granted by society

[分析]本題考核知識點:文中細節推理題。

文中倒數第二句說明,一旦達到成人階段(21歲),將不再繼續獲得其他額外的基本權利。所以,本題的正確選項應為[C]。其他項與原文內容相反。

23。 According to the passage, it is true that

[A] in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed

[B] no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one

[C] one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s license

[D] one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the army

[分析]本題考核內容:文中細節理解題。

第一段末句指出,到了19世紀晚期,美國的青春期和成年期的分界線消失。Frontier意為dividing line。所以,[A]為正確選項。

第二段倒數第五句指出,18歲後,可以不經父母的同意結婚。所以[B]錯在“21歲”。第二段四、六、七句說明:16歲青少年可以獲得駕照,但只有到了21歲,他們才稱為法律意義上的成年人。所以[C]錯誤。第二段倒數第六、七句說明:16歲就可以不受童工法限制,而18歲後他們才可以參軍。所以[D]錯誤。

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