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語法填空動詞(非謂語形式)解題技巧彙總
由 曹老師高考英語 發表于 運動2021-06-15
簡介(2018·全國Ⅲ)答案to stay解析考查非謂語動詞之動詞不定式
填動詞什麼祝福
一、判斷方式:
1。 空格處的提示詞為動詞
2。 空格處填的詞為非謂語形式(判斷方式:句子內不缺謂語)
二、基本能力
1。 動詞的現在分詞,過去分詞會寫
2。 常見固定搭配
(1)介詞後+doing
常考介詞為:by, for, in, with, without, of, after, from等
(2)常見的+to do 的動詞
決心學會想希望(decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish),
拒絕設法願假裝(refuse,manage,care,pretend)。
主動答應選計劃(offer,promise,choose,plan),
同意請求幫一幫(agree,ask/beg,help)。
(3)常見的+doing的動詞
避免錯過少延期(avoid, miss, delay), 建議完成多練習(suggest, finish, practice)
喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can‘t help),承認否定與妒忌(admit, deny, envy),
逃脫冒險莫原諒(escape, risk, pardon),忍受保持不在意(stand, keep, mind)。
(4)必背的固定搭配
to do
①be likely to do sth。很可能做某事
②be designed to do sth。被設計用來做某事
③be intended to do sth。打算做某事
④be to blame 應受責備(無被動)
⑤can hardly/can’t wait to do sth。迫不及待做某事
⑥There is no need to do sth。沒有必要做某事。
⑦It takes sb。some time to do sth。某人花多少時間做某事。
⑧sb。/sth。be said/supposed/believed/thought/known/reported to do/to be done/to have done據說/認為/報道某人/某物……
⑨It remains to be seen。。。……尚待分曉;拭目以待
⑩主語+be+
adj
。+to do句型
適用於此結構的形容詞有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等。
do
ing
①be (well) worth doing sth。值得做某事
②can’t help doing sth。情不自禁做某事
③have fun doing sth。做某事很開心
④feel like doing sth。想做某事
⑤It’s no use/good/pleasure (in) doing sth。做某事沒有用處/好處/樂趣
⑥have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth。做某事有困難
⑦be busy (in) doing sth。忙於做某事
⑧spend money/time (in) doing sth。花費金錢/時間做某事
⑨prevent/stop。。。(from) doing sth。阻止……做某事
⑩There is no sense/point (in) doing sth。做某事沒有意義。
三、常見考法
初級難度:
(1)介詞+doing
(2) 作主語
do
ing表一般習慣性的動作;to do表具體的一次動作。
中級難度
(1)常見固定搭配
(2)
做定語
非謂語做定語,邏輯主語通常為空前的名詞
①若表將來的動作,用不定式to do;若表將來的被動動作,用to be done。
②若與邏輯主語是主動關係,用現在分詞(
v
。ing);若與邏輯主語是被動關係,用過去分詞(
v
。ed)。
③若表被動且為正在發生的動作,用being done。
④句中出現first,second等序數詞,last,next,only等以及形容詞最高階(+名詞)時,用不定式作定語。該結構中主語與不定式應是邏輯上的主謂關係。
⑤抽象名詞ability,chance,opportunity,patience,plan,promise,right等後常用不定式作後置定語。
作狀語
非謂語動詞作狀語,邏輯主語往往是前面或後面句子的主語。
① 如邏輯主語與非謂語動詞之間是主謂關係,且表示進行,用doing。
② 如果是主動關係,但表示完成(即早於謂語動詞發生),用having done。
③ 如果是邏輯主語與非謂語動詞之間是動賓關係(翻譯為被。。。),用done。
④ 如果非謂語動詞表示目的或出乎意料的結果,用不定式; 表示自然而然的結果用
v
。ing。
小技巧
形容詞化的
v
。ing,表示名詞的屬性,意為“令人……的”人或物;形容詞化的
v
。ed,表示名詞的心理狀態。意為“感到……的”;一般修飾voice,look,expression時,其前往往用
v
。ed形式,表示內心的感受。如:
amused感到有趣的
amusing有趣的
bored感到厭倦的
boring令人厭倦的
encouraged受到鼓勵的
encouraging令人鼓舞的
frightened感到害怕的
frightening令人害怕的
高階難度
句子比較複雜,需要準確翻譯句子才能填對答案
四、經典練習
較易試題:
1.Scientists have responded by ______(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements。(2019·全國Ⅰ)
答案noting
解析考查非謂語動詞。介詞by後接動詞時要用其動名詞形式作賓語,故填noting。
2.A 90yearold has been awarded“Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be) Britain’s oldest fulltime employee—still working 40 hours a week。(2019·全國Ⅱ)
答案being
解析考查非謂語動詞。介詞for後接動詞時要用其動名詞形式作賓語,故填being。
3.But some students didn’t want ______(wear) the uniform。(2019·浙江)
答案to wear
解析考查非謂語動詞。want後加不定式作賓語,構成want to do sth。“想要做某事”。故填to wear。
4.I still remember ______(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time。(2018·浙江)
答案visiting
解析考查動名詞作賓語。remember doing sth。記得做過某事。
5.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of ______(die) early by running。(2018·全國Ⅰ)
答案dying
解析考查非謂語動詞。介詞of後接動詞時要用其動名詞形式,故填dying。
6.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid ______(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged。(2018·全國Ⅲ)
答案looking
解析考查非謂語動詞。avoid後接動名詞作賓語。avoid doing sth。避免做某事。
7.Fast food is full of fat and salt;by ______(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet。(2017·全國Ⅰ)
答案eating
解析考查非謂語動詞。表示方式的介詞by後接動名詞作賓語。故填eating。
8.This included digging up the road,______(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top。(2017·全國Ⅱ)
答案laying
解析考查非謂語動詞。included後的dig,lay,build是三個並列的動作,根據digging及building可知,lay也應用動名詞形式。
9.But Sarah,who has taken part in shows along with top models,wants ______(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty。(2017·全國Ⅲ)
答案to prove
解析考查固定搭配。want to do sth。想要做某事,為固定搭配。
10.______(learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future。(2019·天津)
答案Learning
解析考查動名詞。分析句子結構可知,主句的謂語動詞是is,is之前的內容是主語,故此處應用動名詞短語作主語。
11.______(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience。
(2018·北京)
答案Traveling
解析考查動名詞。分析句子結構可知,主句的謂語動詞是is,is之前的內容是主語,故此處應用動名詞短語作主語。
中檔試題:
1.They make great gifts and you see them many times ______(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune。(2020·全國Ⅱ)
答案decorated
解析考查非謂語動詞。在“see+賓語+賓補”結構中,賓語與賓補之間是主動關係,用現在分詞,表示動作正在進行。see sth。done看到某物被……,此處表示“看到禮物裝點著紅包和祝福好運的資訊”。them與decorate是被動關係,所以用過去分詞作賓補。
2.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ______(surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears。(2020·全國Ⅲ)
答案 surrounding
解析考查非謂語動詞。在“see+賓語+賓補”結構中,賓語與賓補之間是主動關係,用現在分詞,表示動作正在進行。the soft clouds與surround之間是主動關係,且表示正在發生的情景,故用現在分詞形式。
3.On the last day of our weeklong stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,______(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals。(2019·全國Ⅲ)
答案listening
解析考查非謂語動詞。本句謂語動詞為“were invited”,所以listen應用非謂語動詞形式。we與listen to之間是主動關係,故用現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。也可由and前後連線兩個並列的結構這一規律解題,and後的meeting interesting locals為分詞形式,故空格處填listening。
4.Nervously ______(face) challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words“Be yourself”.(2019·北京)
答案facing
解析考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知,空處為非謂語動詞作狀語,非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語I,主語I與動詞face之間為主動關係,所以用現在分詞作狀語。
5.______(enjoy) the convenience of digital payment,many senior citizens started to use smart phones。(2019·江蘇)
答案To enjoy
解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為:為了享受電子支付的便利,許多老年人開始使用智慧手機。根據句意並分析句子結構可知,這裡表示目的,故用不定式作目的狀語。
6.China’s image is improving steadily,with more countries ______(recognize) its role in international affairs。(2019·江蘇)
答案recognizing
解析考查with複合結構。此處是with複合結構,動詞recognize與其邏輯主語more countries之間是主動關係,故用現在分詞。
7.Once his message was delivered,he allowed me ______(stay) and watch。(2018·全國Ⅲ)
答案to stay
解析考查非謂語動詞之動詞不定式。allow sb。to do sth。允許某人做某事,為固定搭配。
8.Ordinary soap,______(use) correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively。(2018·北京)
答案used
解析因為句子中已有謂語動詞,故此處要用非謂語動詞形式。句子的主語與use之間是被動關係,因此應用過去分詞,即過去分詞作狀語,used correctly相當於if it is used correctly這個條件狀語從句的省略形式。
9.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ______(take).(2018·天津)
答案taken
解析本題考查have sth。done結構,意為“讓別人做某事,讓……被做”。my photograph與take之間是被動關係,故需用take的過去分詞形式。
10.They represent the earth ______ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings。
(2020·全國Ⅱ)
答案coming
解析考查非謂語動詞。一個句子不能有兩個謂語動詞,而且空前的the earth與come是主動關係,故用現在分詞作後置定語。
11.Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ______(change) lives。(2020·浙江)
答案to change
解析考查非謂語動詞(不定式)。句意為:農業讓人們第一次體驗到科技改變生活的力量。此處用不定式作定語,修飾technology,故填to change。
12.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene declared she had no plans ______ (retire) from her 36yearold business。(2019·全國Ⅱ)
答案to retire
解析考查非謂語動詞。不定式作名詞plans的後置定語,故填to retire。
13.When we got a call ______(say) she was shortlisted,we thought it was a joke。
(2019·全國Ⅱ)
答案saying
解析考查非謂語動詞。動詞say與其邏輯主語a call是邏輯上的主謂關係,故此處用現在分詞作後置定語,故填saying。
14.Earth Day,______(mark) on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection。(2019·北京)
答案marked
解析考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知,空處為非謂語動詞作定語;動詞mark與Earth Day之間是邏輯上的動賓關係,所以用過去分詞短語作定語。
15.Large amounts of caffeine can cause a problem ______(call) caffeinism。
答案called
解析設空處在名詞problem後作定語,且call與problem之間是邏輯上的動賓關係,應用過去分詞作後置定語,故填called。
16.The next morning he hired a boat and set out ______(find) the wellknown painter。
(2020·全國Ⅲ)
答案to find
解析考查非謂語動詞。set out to do開始做……,為固定搭配。
17.They are easy ______(care) for and make great presents。(2020·全國Ⅱ)
答案to care
解析考查固定句式。sth。be easy to do某事很容易做。不定式用主動形式表達被動含義。
18.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s,and are expensive______(perform) consistently over a large area。(2019·全國Ⅰ)
答案to perform
解析考查非謂語動詞。本句含有“主語+be+
adj
。+不定式”結構,主語通常是不定式動作的承受者,不定式用主動形式表示被動含義。故填to perform。
19.I didn’t mean ______(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help ______ (try) it。(2018·天津)
答案to eat;trying
解析句意為:我沒打算吃東西,但這冰激凌看上去如此美味以至於我忍不住嚐了下。mean to do sth。打算做某事;mean doing sth。意味著做某事;can’t help doing sth。禁不住/忍不住做某事;can’t help (to) do sth。不能幫助做某事。
20.But unlike her school friends,16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm ______(rest).
(2017·全國Ⅲ)
答案resting
解析考查固定搭配。spend time (in) doing sth。“花時間做某事”為固定搭配。
21.If you find something you love doing outside of the office,you’ll be less likely ______ (bring) your work home。(2016·全國Ⅱ)
答案to bring
解析考查不定式的用法。be likely to do sth。很可能做某事。
較難試題
1.The accident is reported ______(occur) on the first Sunday in February。
(2020·黑龍江實驗中學質檢)
答案to have occurred
解析短語be reported to表示“據報道”,後跟不定式,且事故發生在報道之前,故應用to have done形式,occur表示“發生”,沒有被動語態。
2.However,most of the fires this year are believed ______(cause) by farmers,who use fire as a traditional way to clean land。(2020·江蘇如皋調研)
答案to be caused
解析be believed to do 意為“被認為”;引起(cause)和火災(fires)之間是被動關係,用be caused,所以空白處填to be caused。
3.I had taken small gestures like ______(be) welcomed,thoughtof or included for granted。(2020·吉林三調)
答案being
解析分析句子成分可知,like“像”是介詞,後接動名詞作賓語,故填being。