12：51 hey& # 39; re gonna focus on the濫倫英語& # 39; how i& # 39; re

今天由我來講故事用英語怎麼說

12：51

Hey there I‘m Emma from mmmEnglish！ Today we’re gonna focus on the language that you need to tell stories in English。

嗨，大家好，我是 Emma，歡迎來到美味英語頻道！今天，我們將專注於學習用英語講故事所需要的語言。

Now we all tell stories right about our day， about our childhood or maybe just to laugh at something that happened earlier。 So a really useful tense to help you accurately tell stories in English is the past perfect。

我們會講述故事，關於我們的一天，關於我們的童年，或者只是為了對之前發生的事情付之一笑。英語中非常有用的可以幫助大家正確地講故事的一個時態就是過去完成時。

Now I know that grammar isn‘t usually heaps of fun but we’re going to include some pronunciation practice and I will make it as fun as I can。 As always I‘ve got a mini quiz at the end to help you practise so make sure you stick around。

我知道語法通常沒什麼樂趣，但是我們將包括一些發音練習，我會盡我所能讓課程儘量好玩一點點。同樣的，課程最後有一個迷你測試幫助大家練習，所以一定要堅持到最後哦。

So we use the past perfect to talk about the past but not just any situation in the past， we use the past perfect when we’re talking about two events that happened in the past and when one event happened before the other event。 So it helps you to order the actions in your story。

我們使用過去完成時來談論過去，但並不是過去的所有情況，我們使用過去完成時來談論過去發生的兩件事情，其中的一件事情發生在另外一件事情之前。因此，它可以幫助你對故事情節進行排序。

Think about the past perfect as helping us to create a timeline。 I had just stepped outside when it started to rain。

考慮一下過去完成時是如何幫助我們創造時間線的。我剛出門，天就開始下雨了。

So there are two actions here， right？ I stepped outside， it started to rain。

所以這裡有兩個行為，對嗎？我出去了，天開始下雨了。

Now if I use just the past simple for both of these events well then we don‘t know which one happened first， right？ All we know is that both events happened in the past。

如果我僅僅是使用簡單的過去時描述這兩件事情的話，我們不知道哪件事情是先發生的，對吧？我們所知道的是，這兩件事情都發生在過去。

So by using the past perfect in one of those actions， I’m letting you know which action happened before the other。 I had just stepped outside when it started to rain。

因此，透過用過去完成時來描述其中的一件事情，我就會讓大家知道哪件事情是發生在另外一件事情之前的。我剛出門，天就開始下雨了。

So which one came first？ I stepped outside and then after it started to rain。

哪件事情是先發生的呢？我先出去，然後開始下雨了。

Let‘s look at a few more examples。 She had just finished her exam when the timer went off。

讓我們看看更多例子吧。她剛結束考試，計時器就響了。

So which action happened first？ Did the timer go up first？

哪個動作先發生呢？是計時器先響了嗎？

No she finished her exam first but only by a little， just。 And we know this because of the past perfect。

不，是她先完成了考試，但只是提前了一點點而已。我們是從過去完成時裡面知道的。

I couldn’t go out for dinner because I had left my wallet at home。 So try and imagine the story here， you know， I was working and one of my colleagues came up to ask me to join them for dinner after work but I realised that I didn‘t have my wallet that day。

因為我把我的錢包落在家裡了，所以我沒法出去吃飯了。試著想象一下這裡的故事，我當時在工作，我的一位同事來問我下班後要不要和他們一起吃晚飯，但是我意識到那天我沒有帶錢包。

I left it at home。 So I couldn’t go out。

我把它放在家裡了。所以我就沒法去了。

He had mentioned feeling sick， but then they were surprised when he suddenly fainted。 Now that is a great sentence。

他之前提到過自己有點不太舒服，但是當他突然昏倒時，他們還是感到非常震驚。這是一個很棒的句子。

It‘s very dramatic。 He did say that he felt sick and he mentioned it before he fainted but clearly， no one was paying attention because it was a shock that he fainted。

非常戲劇性的。他說他不舒服，他在昏倒之前就提到了，顯然沒有人注意，因為他暈過去的時候大家都震驚到了。

So the past perfect helps our story to unfold over time， to create suspense and to create drama。 So let’s talk about how we make a past perfect sentence and it‘s pretty simple actually as far as English verb tenses go especially after all of the conditionals videos that I’ve been teaching lately。

因此，過去完成時可以幫助我們的故事隨著時間發展，創造懸念，創造戲劇性。那讓我們來聊一聊如何說一個過去完成時的句子吧，其實很簡單，和我最近一直在教的條件句的英語動詞時態難度差不多。

You‘ve probably already started noticing a pattern。 We create the past perfect by using the verb ’had‘， the auxiliary verb ’had‘， followed by our main verb in past participle form。

你可能已經開始注意到有特定的模式了。我們透過使用動詞“had”，也就是助動詞“had”，後面加過去分詞形式的主動詞就可以創造過去完成時啦。

So let’s go back and look at those same examples again。 She had just finished her exam when the timer went off。

讓我們回頭再看那些例子吧。她剛完成考試，計時器就響了。

I couldn‘t go out for dinner because I had left my wallet at home。 He had mentioned feeling sick but then they were surprised when he suddenly fainted。

我不能出去吃飯，因為我把錢包留在家裡了。他之前提到過自己不舒服，但是當他突然昏倒時，他們還是感到非常震驚。

So I’m going to interrupt our lesson here before we go too much further because I want to talk about pronunciation。 Learning to correctly use contractions is going to help you to sound much more natural and much more relaxed as you speak。

在我們繼續深入之前，在這裡我要打斷一下，因為我想要說一下發音的問題。學習正確使用縮寫可以幫助大家在說話的時候聽起來更加自然，也更加放鬆。

‘Had’ is our auxiliary verb here right and our main verb comes after in the past participle form。 So auxiliary verbs are grammatical words。

“Had”是助動詞，跟著是過去分詞形式的主動詞。助動詞是語法詞。

They‘re usually unstressed and this impacts the way that they are spoken。 Auxiliary verbs are usually connected to the subject in spoken English so it’s really natural to hear I‘d instead of I had you’d she‘d he’d we‘d they’d and the trickiest one of all， it‘d。

它們通常是不會重讀的，這會影響它們發音的方式。助動詞在口語中通常和主語連在一起，所以很自然地會聽到 I’d 而不是 I had，you‘d，she’d，he‘d，we’d，they‘d，還有最難發音的一個 it’d。

It‘d been raining all day。 Now in negative sentences， the auxiliary verb usually contracts with ’not‘ so you’ll hear I hadn‘t instead of I had not。

整天都在下雨。在否定句中，助動詞通常和“not”一起縮寫，所以你會聽到 I hadn’t 而不是 I had not。

Or you hadn‘t instead of you had not。 Now remember， we don’t conjugate the auxiliary verb when were using the past perfect right so we use ‘had’ with ‘she’。

或者是 you hadn‘t 而不是 you had not。請記住，當我們使用過去完成時的時候，我們不會改變助動詞的形式，所以我們會使用“had”和“she”搭配。

She hadn’t。 It hadn‘t。

她沒有。它沒有。

They hadn’t。 But you will occasionally hear the contraction a little differently。

他們沒有。但是你可能會聽到縮寫有點點不太一樣。

She‘d not been there。 Or you’d not tasted it。

她沒去過那裡。或者你還沒有嘗過。

And this is absolutely no problem but it‘s much less common。 It’s used less frequently。

這絕對沒有問題，但這並不常見。它的使用頻率較低。

My students often feel really frustrated about these contractions because they‘re exactly the same contractions as we use for ’I would‘， ’I‘d’。 It‘s annoying I know but the clue is in the main verb that follows because with ’would‘， it’s always followed by the infinitive verb right？

我的學生常常對這些縮寫感到很受挫，因為它們和我們使用‘I would’的方式是一樣的，I‘d。我知道這很煩人，但是線索是在後面的主動詞當中，因為“would”後面永遠是不定式動詞，對吧？

’Had‘ is always followed by the past participle。 So if you hear ’I go to the beach every day after school‘， we know that that’s ‘would’ because the verb ‘go’ is an infinitive form。

“Had”後面總是緊跟著過去分詞。因此，如果你聽到“我每天放學後都去海灘”，我們知道那是“would”，因為動詞“go”是不定式形式。

I‘d been at the beach when the storm rolled in。 We know that that’s the past perfect because of the verb form that follows。

暴風雨來臨時，我在海灘上。我們知道那是過去完成時，因為後面的動詞的形式。

So as we move through this lesson， tune into the way that I‘m saying all the examples and the practice sentences。 Try to practise out loud with me and just get comfortable with it。

當我們學習本節課程的時候，要注意一下我說這些例子和練習句子的方式。嘗試和我一起大聲練習，並慢慢地適應它。

Alright now let’s get back to how the past perfect tense is used because it almost always involves more than one event or action。 So we usually need to know what to do with the other event in our sentence， right？

好吧，現在讓我們回到過去完成時是如何使用的，因為這幾乎總是涉及一個以上的事件或行為。通常我們需要知道怎麼處理句子中的其他的事件，對吧？

So when we use the past perfect in a sentence to show the order of things that happen in the past， the first event happens in the past perfect tense。 The second event happens in the past simple tense。

所以當我們在句子中用過去完成時來表達過去發生的事情的順序，第一個事件是用過去完成時態進行描述的。第二件事使用的是一般過去時。

Now interestingly it doesn‘t matter which order the events are in the sentence。 It’s the tenses that tell us what happened first so we could say the past perfect， past simple or the past simple and the past perfect。

有趣的是，事件在句子裡面的順序並沒什麼關係。是時態告訴我們哪件事情是先發生的，所以我們可以先說過去完成時再說一般過去時，也可以先說一般過去時再說過去完成時。

It‘s the same。 In either of those examples， the past perfect event is the one that happened first in time。

都是一樣的。在這些例子中，過去完成時的事件是在時間上先發生的。

I had just smelled smoke when the fire alarm went off。 Or when the fire alarm went off， I had just smelled smoke。

火警響起時，我剛聞到煙味。或當火警警報響起時，我剛聞到煙味。

So in both examples， I smelled the smoke first。 It happened just before the alarm went off。

因此，在兩個例子中，我是先聞到煙味的。它發生在警報響起之前。

I also want to make a special point about adverbs here because we use adverbs like ’just‘ and ’really‘， ’already‘。 They’re often used in the past perfect tense and they go between ‘had’ and our main verb right so we have ‘had’， adverb， past participle。

我在這裡也想就副詞說一句，因為我們使用了像“just”、“really”和“already”這種副詞。它們經常用在過去完成時當中，而且它們位於“had”和我們的主動詞之間，所以就是had加副詞加過去分詞。

Had just finished。 Had really tried。

剛剛結束。真的嘗試過。

Had already eaten。 All of this is exciting huh？

已經吃了。這都很令人興奮，對吧？

It helps us to add more to our story。 So we use ‘just’ with the past perfect when one event happens immediately before the other so you really want to emphasise that not much time has passed between the first event and the second event。

它可以讓我們的故事新增更多內容。當一件事情在另外一件事情之前一點點發生的話，我們會使用“just”加過去完成時，所以你是想強調在第一個和第二個事件之間沒過多少時間。

He had just got in the shower when he heard a knock at the door。 So it was only moments before。

他剛洗完澡，就聽到了敲門聲。就是不久之前。

We use ‘already’ with the past perfect when an event happens early or earlier than expected。 I ran to the supermarket as fast as I could but it had already closed when I got there。

當一件事情發生的比較早，或者是比我們期待的要早的時候，我們使用“already”加過去完成時。我儘可能快地跑到超市，但是當我到達那裡的時候，它已經關門了。

Do you want to know one of the most common mistakes that my students make with this tense？ Can you see what‘s wrong there？

你想知道我的學生在這個時態上最常見的錯誤之一是什麼嗎？你能看到哪裡不對嗎？

It’s the present perfect and you can‘t use ’when‘ with the past simple and the present perfect。 We have to use the past perfect ’had‘ with the past participle even when the subject is plural， we still use ’had‘ okay so don’t conjugate the verb。

這是現在完成時，“when”和一般過去時和現在完成時不能一起使用。我們必須要使用過去完成時“had”和過去分詞，即使主語是複數，我們還是需要使用“had”，不要改變動詞的形式。

That is a massive mistake when you‘re talking about the past perfect。 So we’ve gone through all the details about how to make the past perfect， what you need to remember， what you need to do。

那是一個很大的錯誤，如果你談論的是過去完成時的話。我們已經學習了所有的關於如何說一個過去完成時的句子的細節，以及你需要記住什麼，你需要做些什麼。

Let‘s practise using it together。 I’m really looking forward to hearing some stories from you guys。

讓我們一起練習使用它吧。我非常期待聽到你們的故事。

Quiz time！ To kick off our quiz， I‘m gonna give you two events or actions up here。

測試時間到了！要開始我們的小測試呢，我要給大家兩個事件或者是行為。

Both of these events take place in the past。 So I’ll tell you which event happened first and you‘ll need to write a sentence correctly using the past perfect。

這兩個事件都發生在過去。我將告訴你哪個事件首先發生，你將需要用過去完成時正確地寫出一個句子。

So the first event was we heard a strange noise and the second event was the lights went out immediately after。 Now that part about immediately after is important because you can use an adverb to help explain that。

第一件事是我們聽到一個奇怪的聲音，第二件事是緊隨其後燈就熄滅了。現在，緊隨其後的這部分很重要，因為你可以使用副詞來幫助解釋這一點。

So you might write something like： We had just heard a strange noise when the lights went out。 Now it’s your turn to try。

所以你可以寫一個像這樣的句子：我們剛聽到一個奇怪的聲音，燈就熄滅了。現在輪到你嘗試了。

So I want you to write your answers in the comments down below this video so that I can come down and check them for you， correct them if you need it。 Ths first event。

我希望大家在此影片下方評論中寫下自己的答案，如果大家需要的話，我就可以去看一看為大家檢查並進行糾正。第一個事件。

I decided to leave。 The second event。

我決定離開。第二個時間。

The boss called for a meeting。 The second event was we bought plane tickets。

老闆召集開會。第二件事情是我們買了飛機票。

The first event。 The prices increased。

第一件事情。價格上漲。

Unexpectedly early。 Last one。

出乎意料的早。最後一個。

First event。 She looked around for help。

第一個事件。她環顧四周尋求幫助。

Second event。 A salesperson appeared， immediately afterwards。

第二個事件。隨後推銷員馬上出現了。

Awesome work！ I have got one extra challenge for you if you really want to test your skills， see how well you can do。

太棒啦！如果你想繼續測試你的技能的話，我還有另外一個挑戰哦，看看你能做得怎麼樣。

I want you to write a short story for me about a misadventure that you‘ve had once in the past。 So I want you to try and use three examples of the past perfect。

我想讓大家寫一篇短篇小說，關於你過去曾經遭受的不幸。我希望你嘗試使用三個過去完成時的例子。

And just so you know a misadventure is an adventure or a story but something went a little wrong。 Something went not quite right， perhaps it’s quite a funny story where you were running late， you missed your bus and you got rained on。

不幸的遭遇是一場冒險或者是一個故事，但是出了點差錯。事情發展得不太對，可能是非常滑稽的故事，你起晚了，錯過了公交車，被淋成了落湯雞。

Or maybe it was a frustrating story about losing your keys， getting locked out and then missing an important meeting。

I‘m really excited to read these stories guys and I’m gonna do my best to give you feedback， especially if you get your stories written in the next couple of days， as soon as this video is released on my channel。

也許這是一個令人傷心的故事，你丟了鑰匙，被鎖在外面，然後錯過了一次重要的會議。我很高興能夠去閱讀這些故事，我會盡我的全力為大家我的反饋，尤其是如果你的故事在影片釋出的幾天之內就寫好了的話。

Thank you for sticking with me through this lesson。 I hope that it was useful and a little bit of fun。

感謝你和我一起堅持上完了本節課程。希望課程有用，也有一點點樂趣。

Make sure you subscribe to my channel and share this lesson with anyone who you know needs to practise their grammar a little。 As always you can join me right here for our next lesson。

請一定要訂閱我的頻道，把這節課程分享你覺得應該練習一下他們的語法的人。同樣的，大家可以加入我的下一節課程。

See you in there！

再見啦